Pork Cuts 101: A Diagram - Modern Farmer

Pork Cuts 101: A Diagram

Expert butcher Tom Mylan talks pork with Modern Farmer, walking us through the commonly sold pork cuts, from nose to tail.

pork cuts 101, a diagram of pork cuts

In general, the primal pork cuts from the top of the pig (like the loin) are leaner and more tender than those from the bottom. But cooking the tougher cuts (like the shoulder and the hocks) low and slow can make them tender and juicy. And it’s important to note that the cuts available at the grocery will change depending on geography – butchers from Argentina will sell slightly different cuts than, say, butchers from Italy.

[mf_h2 align=”left” transform=”uppercase”]PORK SHOULDER, or PORK BUTT[/mf_h2]

Starting from the front of the pig: Pork shoulder (also called pork butt or “Boston butt”) is generally sold as a 5 to 10 pound boneless roast at the grocery store. (Pork shoulder chops are sold with bones, but those are less common.)

How to Cook: “It’s a really great thing to roast,” says Mylan. It’s a relatively tough cut, well layered with fat, and is good for braising, slow and low roasting or barbecue. “Shoulders are good for when you’re going to cook for a long period of time and want it to stay moist,” he says. A typical preparation? Pulled pork.

Side note: Why is this cut sometimes called “pork butt” when it doesn’t come from the actual rear end? “The word butt has its roots in old English, which is a quasi Germanic language, and butt means ‘the widest part,’” says Mylan. “On a pig, the widest part is the shoulder, not its actual ass. And that’s why it’s called the butt.”

[mf_h2 align=”left” transform=”uppercase”]PICNIC HAM[/mf_h2]

Immediately below the shoulder is the next cut you’re likely to find: the Picnic Ham (occasionally called the picnic shoulder). “Another total misnomer,” says Mylan. “When you hear “ham” you think of the rear leg. But the picnic ham is the lower part of shoulder.” This is another relatively tough and fatty cut, though it is often sold bone-in.

Cook: Braise or smoke ”“ two good long, slow cooking methods to render the fat and make the meat tender and juicy. The sizeable fat cap on the picnic ham is great for making cracklings.

[mf_h2 align=”left” transform=”uppercase”]COUNTRY STYLE SPARERIBS[/mf_h2]

These come directly off the picnic ham. “Basically, it’s from the brisket area of the pig, if pigs had brisket – it’s basically a bone-in brisket,” says Mylan. “You get the front part of the spareribs with a lot of meat.” The country-style spareribs contain a combination of dark and light meat.

Cook: Braise or stew.

[mf_h2 align=”left” transform=”uppercase”]FRONT HOCK[/mf_h2]

This cut usually comes already brined and smoked and sold as a “ham hock” in the store.

Cook: Use the brined and smoked version for beans or collard greens. “It’s not very common to find shank uncured and unsmoked, but if you do, it’s a great braising cut,” says Mylan. “I like to use pork shank instead of veal shank for osso bucco. You’re just going to use it to stew or braise – any kind of long, low, wet cooking.”

[mf_h2 align=”left” transform=”uppercase”]PORK LOIN[/mf_h2]

The pork loin comes from the pig’s back and is large, lean and tender.

Cook: “The whole loin roast is more of a slow roast,” says Mylan. But don’t cook it too much, or on too high of a heat ”“ because it is so lean, it will get pretty dry.

[mf_h2 align=”left” transform=”uppercase”]PORK CHOPS[/mf_h2]

Thick or thin, bone-in or bone-less pork chops are cut from meat perpendicular to the spine, often from the loin.

Cook: “These are a high heat, fry or grill kind of thing,” says Mylan. Pork chops from the shoulder end are fattier than from the loin end. If you have chops from the shoulder end, they’re great for slow roasting or lower, longer grill cooking. This way, says Mylan, you render all the fat. “Pork fat is super delicious, but if its not rendered all the way through, it doesn’t have a good texture and the flavor isn’t as good.”

[mf_h2 align=”left” transform=”uppercase”]BABY BACK RIBS[/mf_h2]

When you debone a pork loin, the ribs that come off of that are the baby back ribs. They are a more tender rib option: The meat in between the ribs is a loin meat instead of a belly meat.

Cook: Braise, barbecue or bake.

[mf_h2 align=”left” transform=”uppercase”]PORK BELLY[/mf_h2]

If you go up to rub a pig’s belly you’re, well, rubbing the belly meat. Bacon is pork belly cured, smoked, and sliced.

Cook: “The belly itself is a great mid temp braising cut. I cook it at 300 or 325 degrees,” says Mylan. “Usually what I’ll do is braise it kind of wet, and then once it’s been cooking for 2 to 2.5 hours, I let cool, slice it and crisp it in a pan. Belly is super – you can do all kinds of stuff with belly.”

[mf_h2 align=”left” transform=”uppercase”]SPARERIBS[/mf_h2]

Spare ribs come off of the belly. “Spare ribs are available as regular or St. Louis style,” explains Mylan, “which are squared up – they cut off the cartilage to be recto-linear and cook more evenly.”

Cook: Braising, smoking or low-temp grilling. “Or you can wrap them in tin foil, throw them in a 300 degree oven for 1.5 to 2 hours,” says Mylan. “Then pull them out, open the foil. Turn the oven up to 375 to brown them off.”

[mf_h2 align=”left” transform=”uppercase”]SIRLOIN[/mf_h2]

Continuing to move back, next up is sirloin, which is often cut up into chops. “I’ve never seen a sirloin roast,” says Mylan. They’re not as uniform as pork chops – “they look sort of strangely shaped, like Pangaea, a very strange oblong shape. Even though aren’t handsome, they are really delicious.”

Cook: They are some of Mylan’s favorite chops to marinate and grill. “They are almost as tender as pork chops, but have more muscle from the leg, so they have more flavor.”

[mf_h2 align=”left” transform=”uppercase”]REAR LEG[/mf_h2]

Most people eat the rear leg as ham ”“ cured, smoked and processed in some kind of way.

Cook: “If you can get a whole fresh ham, with skin and the hock still on it, it’s a great roasting joint – score the skin, rub with garlic herb paste and roast at 350 degrees for 3 or 4 hours. It’s a great roast pork, a little leaner. It’s usually cheaper than a pork loin, and serves more people.

[mf_h2 align=”left” transform=”uppercase”]HOCK[/mf_h2]

The rear hock is just like the shank of the front leg. It usually comes cured and smoked.

Cook: If cured and smoked, use for beans or collard greens. If raw, braise it.

[mf_editorial_break layout=”twocol” title=”Bonus: Cuts You’ll Only Find at a Butcher Shop “]

Trotters
“These are all cartilage, no meat,” says Mylan. “Great for building body in a stock. Use instead of veal bones.”

Half or Whole Pig Head
Used for many things, including Porchetta di Testa, or a salami made from both the meat and skin of a pig head.

Ears
Popular in cuisines around the world, pig’s ears are often roasted, boiled, grilled or pickled.

Jowls
Cured and smoked, pork jowl is a soul food staple. In Italy, jowl is used to make guanciale.

Snout
Often used in soups.

Tail
Mylan recommends cooking pig tails in the same way that you would cook ribs at home in the oven – covered in tin foil first, then uncovered to crisp them up. “It’s not a ton of meat,” he says, “but like chewing on a rib, but more cartilaginous, lip-smacking and delicious. It’s a great secret cut I don’t think anyone thinks about the tail and most people haven’t seen it – unless you’re regularly in Chinatown.”

[/mf_editorial_break]

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Parry Yazdani
5 years ago

Thanks I enjoyed reading this article.
This article is very useful & informative.
I like especially front hock of pork.

Mark K
4 years ago

Love this article. I’m going to take a whole pig to a butcher in a few months. It’s going to be fun deciding how I want it processed.

Any tips for me?

Also, would you recommend cooking a whole hog over a pit?

Christian BARRE
5 years ago

Hello,
There is a part in the pork that we call in my country Gorge (de porc)”Pork throat”, usually used in the realization of pâtés. I would like to know the exact name in English for that part of the pork?
thanks you in advance.

Cbx
4 years ago

Article doesn’t cover much in terms of chinese style cooking. Like tail and ribs are great in clear chinese soups

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